Aortic Valve Prosthesis
	Peak LVOT Velocity (Peak LVOT) =		Peak AV Jet Velocity (Peak AV Jet) =		Peak LVOT/   Peak AV Jet =
	Normal > 0.28, Obstruction <0.25. (J.S. Child, 2004)
	Peak systolic velocity alone can be misleading unless very high (i.e., > 4.5 m/sec). The inner orifice of the St. Jude valve can pose problems. Mean systolic gradient is not helpful unless > 50 mmHg. The contour of the systolic velocity profile may be helpful. Early peaking-triangular is usually normal, mid peaking-rounded = obstruction.
	For a high gradient with an aortic prosthetic valve: (1) Confirm valve subtype and size. (2) Review the "normal range" data for gradients and Effective Orifice Area (EOA) for that particular valve. (3) Review pt's early post-op baseline echocardiographic data. (4) If still uncertain, perform TEE and/or fluoroscopy.
	LVOT Diameter in cm =		LVOT VTI in cm =		AV VTI cm =
	LVOT Diameter is measured from inner-inner edge of the prosthetic sewing ring in the parasternal long axis view. Most obstructed valves have an EOA <0.8 cm2.			Effective Orifice     Area cm2 =
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